Direct Homologous dsDNA–dsDNA Pairing: How, Where, and Why?

Clinical audit: why, where and how?

a Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES/CIBER-ISCIII), Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain c Servicio de Neumología, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red...

Provenance in Databases: Why, How, and Where

Different notions of provenance for database queries have been proposed and studied in the past few years. In this article, we detail three main notions of database provenance, some of their applications, and compare and contrast amongst them. Specifically, we review why, how, and where provenance, describe the relationships among these notions of provenance, and describe some of their applicat...

Dynamic Service Composition: Why, Where and How

We live in a society that is in its nature service-oriented: organizations and individuals get services from others, and provide services to others. This paradigm has been now applied to computer systems with the Service-Oriented Architecture, and it is gaining momentum, mainly motivated by the natural environment provided by the Internet to connect people and businesses. The ServiceOriented Ar...

Speciation: Why, how, where and when?

Species are one of the few fundamental units in biology. Yet, study of how they form has had an erratic history. Despite the title of his book, Darwin gave the process of speciation little attention in the 'Origin of Species' — even though his earlier notebooks show that he thought deeply about many issues that are still current. (Darwin's apparent neglect of speciation may have been due to his...

Beacon Signals: What, Why, How, and Where?